Uterine Fibroids and Fertility

Uterine fibroids are associated with both infertility and miscarriage, depending on their size and location. However, not everyone with fibroids, even large ones, will have difficulty. Uterine fibroids are benign growths of the uterus. They are derived from a single overgrown muscle cell. They are also called leiomyomas or myomas. They do not increase the risk of uterine cancer. The cause of fibroids is not well understood. There appears to be a genetic component, and they grow in response to estrogen and perhaps even progesterone. Here are the most common questions on uterine fibroids and fertility that we receive.

The 3 Most Common Types of Fibroids

There are three common types of fibroids:

1. Subserous Fibroids: Fibroids that grow on the outside of the uterus.
2. Intramural Fibroids: Fibroids that grow within the wall of the uterus.
3. Submucous Fibroids: Fibroids that grow in the endometrial cavity.

Fibroids often cause symptoms, including heavy bleeding, prolonged periods, and pain. Depending on their size and location, they can interfere with bowel and bladder habits. Fibroids can also exist without symptoms.

Which Kind of Fibroid Causes Infertility?

Fibroids are associated with infertility due to implantation difficulty and restricted growth, leading to miscarriage. IVF success rates are decreased by fibroids especially if they are compromising the intrauterine cavity. Fibroids that do not interfere with the uterine cavity but are intramural and over 5 cm in diameter may also compromise fertility, most likely due to interfering with uterine blood flow. Subserous fibroids do not appear to have a significant impact on fertility but may cause pain and discomfort. Preterm delivery and abnormal positioning of the baby within the uterus may be caused by fibroids.

What Is the Best Treatment for Fibroids?

Minimally invasive reproductive surgery offers a promising solution for women with fibroids, particularly those seeking to preserve or enhance their fertility. Procedures such as laparoscopic and hysteroscopic myomectomy allow for the precise removal of fibroids with minimal disruption to surrounding tissues. These advanced techniques involve smaller incisions, resulting in reduced pain, shorter recovery times, and lower risk of complications compared to traditional open surgery. By effectively removing fibroids that may be causing symptoms or impairing fertility, minimally invasive surgery can improve the chances of a successful pregnancy while maintaining the structural integrity of the uterus. This approach not only addresses the immediate issues posed by fibroids but also supports the long-term reproductive health and well-being of patients.

Our new Advanced Reproductive Surgery program, led by world-class surgeon Dr. Antonio Gargiulo, aims to provide our patients with unparalleled access to cutting-edge minimally invasive fertility-preserving and fertility-enhancing options. Schedule an appointment to meet with Dr. Gargiulo!